Agricultural and Biological Sciences Journal
Articles Information
Agricultural and Biological Sciences Journal, Vol.5, No.1, Mar. 2019, Pub. Date: Apr. 26, 2019
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers of Two Fish Species from Different Sites of Ikpoba River
Pages: 13-19 Views: 1245 Downloads: 375
Authors
[01] Stella Oghomwen Olubodun, Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
[02] Samuel Ifidon Ojeaburu, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
[03] George Edaghogho Eriyamremu, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
Abstract
The study assessed metals at three (3) different sites of Ikpoba River and oxidative stress biomarkers in gills, brain and kidney of two fish species, African catfish and Tilapia. The metals in the sediments were analysed using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). A total of four hundred and sixty eight (468) fish per species was collected from the three different sites every week for fifty-two (52) weeks and known weight of the brain, gills and kidney were recovered for enzyme assays. The highest level of lead, zinc, copper, iron, nickel and manganese was recorded in the Abattoir site followed by Capitol and the Guinness site. The study recorded decreased antioxidant enzymes, aldehyde oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase activities in the tissues/organs of fishes in different site-exposed fish species when compared with control. Malondialdehyde and uric acid (UA) levels were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the tissues/organs of fishes relative to control except for kidney of Tilapia which recorded decreased UA. Fishes from Abattoir site contained the highest level of stress enzymes when compared with Guinness site. The study shows an increased deterioration of Ikpoba River and suggests that high metal content caused oxidative stress in fishes which manifested as alteration of antioxidant enzyme activities and other oxidative biomarkers. In conclusion, the results showed a high but tolerable concentration of metals in Ikpoba River. Alteration in antioxidant enzyme activities and other biomarkers of oxidative stress observed in the two fish species, indicates increasing treatment by pollutants. We recommend public awareness on dangers of toxic metals and promulgation of laws for effluents discharge into Ikpoba River to protect the populations [aquatic organisms (fish) and final consumers (humans)] from the deleterious effects and further deterioration.
Keywords
Biomarkers, Fish, Ikpoba River, Metals, Oxidative Stress
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