American Journal of Geophysics, Geochemistry and Geosystems
Articles Information
American Journal of Geophysics, Geochemistry and Geosystems, Vol.2, No.5, Oct. 2016, Pub. Date: Sep. 10, 2016
Adverse Effects of Phosphate Industry on the Environment and Groundwater Geochemistry in the Ghannouch Field, Southeastern Tunisia
Pages: 51-63 Views: 3786 Downloads: 1049
Authors
[01] Belgacem Agoubi, Higher Institute of Water Sciences and Techniques, Departement of Water Ressources, University of Gabes, Zrig Eddakhlania, Tunisia.
[02] Maher Gzam, Higher Institute of Water Sciences and Techniques, Departement of Water Ressources, University of Gabes, Zrig Eddakhlania, Tunisia.
Abstract
Since 1970, Ghannouch field, southeastern Tunisia, has been recognized as an industrial area specialized in mining phosphate processing industry. Furthermore, this region has also been characterized by an excessive groundwater pumping to meet extensive agricultural activities and increasing industrial installation. Degradation of groundwater quality and its contamination became a serious concern of the communities. This manuscript describes the findings of a study performed to investigate the characteristics of groundwater quality and identify the contribution of the different factors to its chemical pollution and degradation. Groundwater was sampled in different locations of the study area. Physical parameters such as EC, TDS, pH were measured and major ions where analyzed. Geochemical, kriging techniques and statistical modeling was used to assess groundwater mineralization. Results show that dominant chemical facies of groundwater is Na-Cl-Ca-SO4-F due to rock-water interaction, rejection of phosphate waste from the phosphate processing industry and the fluorine industry and irrigation water flow rich in chemical fertilizers. Computed saturation with respect to calcite and calcite for most water samples may result from the dissolution of CaCO3 and CaF2 after the water is saturated with respect to the carbonate and fluorite minerals. Regardless moderate to high fluoride concentrations was out of permissible values of World Health Organization (WHO) and Tunisian National Standard (NT09.14).
Keywords
Fluoride, Phosphate Processes, Adverse Effects, Tunisia
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