[01] Muhammad Sarwar, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture & Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.

Nowadays, mosquito-borne diseases are among the world's leading causes of illness and death to pose significant human risks in certain parts of the population. Malaria is one of the major global health problems and has a devastating impact on many populations and particularly prevalent in voluminous parts of the world. Malaria transmitting mosquitoes mainly Anopheles stephensi, A. gambia or A. equadrimaculatus that tend to bite at night prefer to breed in permanent bodies of water, such as swamps, ponds, lakes and ditches that do not usually dry up. This article outlines the components of an integrated mosquito control program with emphasis on incorporating of habitat modifications into existing platform. In fact, Anopheles mosquitoes thrive in moist areas and these need damp source to flourish and breed. Their eggs are laid and hatch in or at the edge of standing or slow moving water and the larvae then live in the water until emerging as adults. Even a small amount of water left in a bucket, toy, bath, planter, or created by pooling water from a leaky channel, can provide breeding ground for hundreds of mosquitoes. Owing to this, reducing moisture around the home and neighborhood can help to keep mosquito populations down. The public's role in eliminating potential breeding habitats for mosquitoes such as getting rid of any standing water around the home is a critical step in reducing the risk of mosquito borne malaria transmission. While the patterns are quite variable for breeding of this species, other factors such as vegetation category, warrants further consideration. Recent studies have suggested that vegetation type is related to the pattern of flooding and local topography, so, similar factors may have a strong influence on the faunal composition of saltmarshes that influence mosquitoes where species forage. This could have implications for ecological control of malaria transmitting mosquitos. Simply, a habitat management approach should be the core strategy with judicious use of biorational control agents as necessary during the development phase of the environmental modification process and perhaps thereafter. For managing vectors by an integrated mosquito management (IMM) strategy, the goal is to maintain tolerable levels of mosquito populations using sound environmental practices. This goal is achieved by education, mosquito surveillance, source reduction, habitat modification, biological control methods, and treating mosquito-breeding areas with publically healthier pesticides.

Source Reduction, Mosquito Control, Entomological Monitoring, Malaria Vector

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Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2 (2): 24-28. [14] Sarwar, M. 2014 d. Defeating Malaria with Preventative Treatment of Disease and Deterrent Measures against Anopheline Vectors (Diptera: Culicidae). Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicological Studies, 2 (4): 1-6. [15] Sarwar, M. 2015 a. Controlling Dengue Spreading Aedes Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) Using Ecological Services by Frogs, Toads and Tadpoles (Anura) as Predators. American Journal of Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, 1 (1): 18-24. [16] Sarwar, M. 2015 b. Elimination of Dengue by Control of Aedes Vector Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) Utilizing Copepods (Copepoda: Cyclopidae). International Journal of Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, 1 (1): 53-58. [17] Sarwar, M. 2015 c. Reducing Dengue Fever through Biological Control of Disease Carrier Aedes Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). International Journal of Preventive Medicine Research, 1 (3): 161-166. [18] Sarwar, M. 2015 d. Control of Dengue Carrier Aedes Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae by Larvivorous Fishes and Putting It into Practice Within Water Bodies. International Journal of Preventive Medicine Research, 1 (4): 232-237. [19] Sarwar, M. 2015 e. Role of Secondary Dengue Vector Mosquito Aedes albopictus Skuse (Diptera: Culicidae) for Dengue Virus Transmission and Its Coping. International Journal of Animal Biology, 1 (5): 219-224. [20] Sarwar, M. 2015 f. Commonly Available Commercial Insecticide Formulations and Their Applications in the Field. International Journal of Materials Chemistry and Physics, 1 (2): 116-123. [21] Sarwar, M. 2015 g. The Killer Chemicals as Controller of Agriculture Insect Pests: The Conventional Insecticides. International Journal of Chemical and Biomolecular Science, 1 (3): 141-147. [22] Sarwar, M. 2015 h. The Killer Chemicals for Control of Agriculture Insect Pests: The Botanical Insecticides. 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