[01] Diana Loubaki, Department of Economics, Center of Development Economics and Growth Sustainability, Clamart, France.

This article investigates first, in how far disease such that HIV/AIDS, the 2008 food crisis consequences and poverty reduction in Africa may validate Malthus population growth theory. Second, if the observed high growth rates in emerging countries may validate Solow growth model consequences that fail to be proved empirically until now. Using an endogenous growth model, we find that, Malthus may be validated if sustainable actions are not conducted in poor countries in order to ensure a balanced population growth rate. Solow is validated specifically in emerging countries as shown by data observations i.e their growth rates are higher than in Western countries. Moreover, emerging countries exports have oriented monetary policies and contributed to the 2008 financial crisis in developed world. The intercept of the both thoughts yields the necessity for technology to be improved through research and development for sustainable development to be reached.

Population Growth, HIV/AIDS, Marginal Capital Returns Productivity, Food, Relative Labor Efficiency, Growth, Development, R&D

[01] Malthus, (1798), The six editions of his an essay on the principle of population. [02] Solow, R., (1956), A contribution to the theory of economic growth, Quarterly Journal of Economics, LXX. [03] Sen, A. K.,(1981), Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation in Clarendon Press, Oxford. [04] Hewitt de Alcántara, C., (1994), Economic restructuring and rural subsistence in Mexico: corn and the crisis of the 1980s. (Revised ed.) in San Diego: Ejido Reform Research Project, Center for U.S. [05] Sahn, D. E. (1989) Seasonal variability in Third World agriculture: the consequences for food security in Baltimore, MD., Johns Hopkins University Press. [06] Swift, J. J.,(1993), Understanding and preventing famine and famine mortality, new approaches to famine in IDS Bulletin 24, 4, October. [07] Frankenberger, T. R. and Goldstein, D. M., (1990), Food Security, Coping Strategies and Environmental Degradation, Arid Lands Newsletter, vol. 30, Office of Arid Lands Studies, University of Arizona, pp. 21-27. [08] Shneider, K. and Gugerty, M. K., (2011), Agricultural productivity and Poverty reduction: Linkages and Pathways, The Evans School Review, 1 (1), 56-75. [09] Mc Calla, A. F. and Reveredo, C. L., (2001), Propects for Global Fodd Security, 2020 Brief 71. [10] Boserup, E., (1965), The conditions of agricultural growth: The economics of agrarian change under population pressure, London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd. [11] Lee, R. D., (1986), Malthus and boserup: A dynamic synthesis.’ in the state of population theory forward from malthus. Oxford: Basil Blackwell Ltd. [12] Kremer, M., (1993), Population growth and technological change, Quarterly Journal of Economics 108 (3): 681. [13] Rosegrant, M. W. Ximing, C. and Cline, S A, (2002), World water and Food to 2025, International Food Policy Research Institue [14] Tilman, D.; Cassman, K G, Matson, P A, Naylor, R. and Polarsky, S., (2002), Agricultural Sustainability and Intensive production practices, International Weeckly Journal of Science, 671-677 [15] Galor, O. and Weil, D., (2000), Population, Technology and Growth: From Malthusian Stagnation to The Demographic Transition and Beyond, American Economic Review, 90 (4), 806-828 [16] Young, A., (2005), The gift of the dying: The tragedy of aids and the welfare of future african generations, University of Chicago Press. [17] Barro, R. J. (1984). Macroeconomics, 1st ed. New York: Wiley. 1701–1918.” Journal of Monetary Economics, 20, September, 221–247. [18] Baumol, W. J. (1986). “Productivity Growth, Convergence, and Welfare: What the Long-Run Data Show, American Economic Review, 76, December, 1072–1085. [19] DeLong, J. Bradford (1988). “Productivity Growth, Convergence, and Welfare: Comment, American Economic Review, 78, December, 1138–1154. [20] Barro, R. J. (1991). Economic Growth in a Cross Section of Countries, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106, May, 407–443. [21] Barro, R. J., and Sala-i-Martin, X., (1991), “Convergence across States and Regions, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, no. 1, 107–182. [22] Barro, R. J., and Sala-i-Martin, X., (1992a), Convergence, Journal of Political Economy, 100, April, 223–251. [23] Romer, P. M. (1986), Increasing Returns and Long-Run Growth, Journal of Political Economy, 94, October, 1002–1037. [24] Lucas, R. E., Jr. (1988), On the Mechanics of Economic Development, Journal of Monetary Economics, 22, July, 3–42. [25] Becker, G. (1964), Human Capital, Columbia University Press. [26] Aghion, P. and Howitt, P., (1992), A Model of Growth Through Creative Destruction, Econometrica, 60, March, 323–351. [27] Romer, P. M. (1990), Endogenous Technological Change, Journal of Political Economy, 98, October, part II, S71–S102. [28] Eicher, T. (1996), Interaction between Endogenous Human Capital and Technological Change, Review of Economic Studies, 63, 127-144. [29] Dahan, M., and D. Tsiddon (1998), Demographic Transition, Income Distribution and Economic Growth, Journal of Economic Growth, 3 (1), 29-52. [30] Stockey, N., (1998), Are There Limits to Growth?, International Economic Review, 39, 1-31. [31] Bovenberg, A. and Smulders, L, (1995), Environmental quality and pollution-augmenting technological change in a two-sector endogenous growth model, Journal of Public Economics, 57, 1995, 369-391. [32] Zon, A., Muysken, J., (2001), Health and endogenous Growth, Journal of Health Economics, 20, 169-185. [33] Loubaki, D. and N'Zololo, M., (2015), Forgery Drugs, Health and Development, American Journal of Food Science and Health, 1 (4), 96-103 [34] Baldwin, R and Nicoud, F., (2008), Trade and Growth with Heterogenous Firm, Journal of International Economics, 74 (1), 21-34. [35] Grossman, G. E. and Helpman, E., (2015), Globalization and Growth, American Economic Review: 105 (5): 100–104 [36] Deaglio, M., (2008), La crisi finanziaria e i mutui subprime. in «Newsletter Quadrante Futuro», Centro Einaudi, Torino, 4 ottobre. [37] Boffa, F. and G. Zanetti, (2013), New forms of government interventions in the era of global imbalances, European Review of Industrial Economics and Policy.