[01] Muhammad Farhan Sarwar, Mayo Hospital, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan. [02] Muhammad Haroon Sarwar, Mayo Hospital, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan. [03] Neelam Ali, Aziz Fatima Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan. [04] Muhammad Sarwar, Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan.

Millipedes or ‘thousand legs’ are small arthropods having two legs per body segment, typically between 80 and 400 legs in the individual. These are generally either black or else brown in shade, have round forms and when they walk their legs look to travel in a wave-like indication. Millipedes generally live in and forage on decaying leaves, decomposing wood and other types of wet rotting plant materials. Normally, their part is an advantageous one within ecosystem in serving to breakdown dead plant materials. But, while these become plentiful, they can harm to sprouting seeds, seedlings and developing fruits touching with the ground. Millipedes do not present any menace to humans; but, while sensing danger, they can discharge a filthy feeling liquid that might cause skin annoyance, which must be wash away instantaneously. While troubled they do not bite, however certain species give out a defensive fluid that can burn the eyes or irritate to skin. Millipedes do not leave behind any symbols to let see that anybody have an infestation and the only actual symbol is to locate pests themselves. In fact, they do not bite, sting or transmit disease and millipede’s key defensive tactic is to bend up into a tight coil once troubled. Even though there are no poisonous millipedes, they do have defensive glands that yield a foul liquid when the millipede is attacked. This self-protective liquid can be annoying, particularly if it comes to be in eyes. Certain persons might have an allergic reaction to it. Selected millipedes’ protective sprays comprise hydrochloric acid that can injury or darken to human skin and upset eyes. Others dangerous substances in millipede’s venom are organic acids, hydrogen cyanide, cresols, phenol, benzoquinones and hydroquinones (in specific millipedes). The venom that millipedes discharge retains away maximum of hunters. Various big millipede species might through these venoms as much as 80 cm (32 inches) faraway. Touching to these exudations might cause allergic reactions in certain persons. On the way to escape these dangers, do not collect up a millipede with naked hands, and afterward handling a millipede, rinse hands carefully with water and soap until any residue or odour is disappeared. Since millipedes are not venomous, they are more irritation than a risk to peoples. Millipedes likewise seldom need to be controlled as they do not cause a notable harm indoors and pose a least health danger. Those that are wandering indoors can be picked up and released back outdoors or swept outside. Closing of cracks and other openings towards the outer sides aids to prevent millipedes from entering to indoors, and typically, indoor pest invasions are ended within a few days.

Millipedes, Thousand Legs, Venom Gland, Hydrocyanic Acid, Poison Gland

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