[01] Abdulmumini Ado, Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria. [02] Abubakar Ibrahim Tukur, Department of Geography, Kano University of Science and Technology Wudil, Kano, Nigeria. [03] Magaji Ladan, Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria. [04] Sani Muhammad Gumel, Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria. [05] Ayubaad Abdullahi Muhamm, Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria. [06] Shehu Habibu, Department of Chemistry, Federal University Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria.

This review investigates the level of water pollution caused by industrial effluents in Nigeria with a view to provide useful information to the authorities on the management, control and investigation of pollution cases, water quality surveillance and forecasting water quality in the country. Literature on the subject matter was accessed through published and unpublished materials on the subject as well as browsing of related issues on the internet. The results show that industrial effluents account for several point sources of water pollution. While developed nations adopt stringent water quality requirements to control river pollution from point and non-point sources, the situation is different in most developing countries like Nigeria. Waste water treatment in Nigeria is not given the necessary priority it deserves and therefore, industrial wastes are discharged into receiving water bodies without treatment and the consequences of this include, among others, river pollution, loss of aquatic life, uptake of polluted water by plants, disease burden and shorter life expectancy. It is recommended that the federal, state and local authorities in Nigeria should ensure that industrial wastes, particularly effluents, are pre-treated before discharging then into the environment.

Industrial Effluents, Pollution, Water Quality

[01] Ekiye, Ebiyare, and Luv Z. (2010) Water quality management in Nigeria: case study of Nigerias’ industrial cities. Journal of American Science 6(4): 22-28. [02] Olayinka K. O. and Alo B. I. (2004) Studies on Industrial pollution in Nigeria: the effects of textile effluent on the quality of ground water in some parts of Lagos. Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences 3(1): 44-50. [03] Essoka P. A. and Umaru J. M. (2006) Industrial effluent and water pollution in Kakuri area, Kaduna South, Nigeria Journal of industrial pollution and control 22(1). [04] Emiola E. B., Chuku L. O. and Olaide B. S. (2010) Hydrochemistry, macro invertebrate fauna and fish production of Adja fishing site in a Tropical Lagoonal Ecosystem. Journal of American Sciences 6(1). [05] Glyn H. J. and Gary W. H. (1996). Environmental Sciences and Engineering Prentice Hall International inc. pp778. [06] Tamburline G., Ehrenstein O. V. and Bertollini R. (2002) Children’s health and environment: A review of evidence, In: Environmental issues Report No. 129, WHO/ European Environmental Agency, WHO Geneva, pp223. [07] Kupechella C. E. and Hyland M. C. (1989) Environmental Science, Allyn and Baron, London. [08] World Health Organization (WHO) (2002). Water pollutants: Biological Agents, Dissolved chemicals, Non-dissolved chemicals, Sediments, Heat, WHO CEHA, Amman, Jordan. [09] Kanu I., Achi O. K., Ezeronye O. U. and Anyanwu E. C. (2006) Seasonal variation in bacterial heavy metal biosorption in water samples from Eziama River near soap and brewery industries and the environmental health implications. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 3 (1): 95-102. [10] Yusuff R. O. and Sonibare J. A. (2004) Characterization of textile industries’ effluents in Kaduna Nigeria and Pollution implications Global Nest: The International Journal 6(3): 212-221. [11] Begum A., Ramaiah M., Harikrishna, I., Khan I and Veena K. (2009) Heavy metals pollution and chemical profile of Cauvery river water E-Journal of Chemistry 6(1): 45-52. [12] Hsua M. J., Selvarajb K. and Agora M. G. (2006) Taiwan’s industrial heavy metal pollution threatens terrestrial Biota Environmental pollution 143 (2):327-334. [13] Sangadoyin A. Y. (1995) Characteristics and control of industrial effluent generated pollution. Environmental Management and Health 6 (4): 15-18. [14] Orisikwe O. E. (2009) Environmental pollution and blood lead levels in Nigeria: who is unexposed? Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health 15 (3): 315-317. [15] Nigeria Industrial Standard (2007) Nigeria Standard for drinking Water Quality, NIS 554: 2007, ICS 13.060.20. [16] World Health Organization- WHO (2004). Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality (3rd Edition) Volume 1, Recommendation, Geneva, Switzerland. [17] Akan J. C., Moses E. A., Ogugbuaja V. O. and Abah J. (2007) Assessment of Tannery industrial effluent from Kano metropolis, Kano State, Nigeria. Asian Journal of Applied Sciences 7 (19): 2788-2793. [18] Jaji M. O., Bamgbose O., Odukoya S. O. and Anwolo T. A. (2007) Water quality assessment of Ogun River, South-West Nigeria. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 133: 473-482. [19] Adelegan J. A. (2004). The history of environmental policy and pollution of water sources in Nigeria. (1960-2004): The way forward. [20] Egbu A. U. (2004) Constraints to effective pollution control and management in Nigeria The Environmentalist Journal, Springer link 20(1): 13-17. [21] Nwachuku S. U., Akpata T. V. I. and essien M. E. (1989) Microbiological Assessment of Industrial Sewage of Agbara Industrial estate in Ogun State. Int. J. Ecol. And Environ. Sci. 15: 109-115. [22] Olayemi, A.B. (1994). Bacteriological water assessment of an urban river in Nigeria International Journal of Environmental Health Research 4 156-164. [23] Adekunle Adebayo (2009) Effects of Industrial effluents on the quality of Well water within Asa Dam Industrial estate, Ilorin, Nigeria, Nature and Science, 7(1), 41. [24] Fu L., Stares J. and Staley R. G. Jr. (1994) Assessing acute toxicities of pre and post treatment of industrial waste-waters with Hydra attenata: A comparative study of acute toxicity with fathe adminnows, phimephalaes, promelas. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 13: 563-569. [25] Bosmic M., Bujan J. and Daniels R. P. (2000) Regional program for pollution control in tanning industry US/RAS/92/120 in Southeast Asia, pp1-4. [26] Isa Baba Koki and Jimoh W.L.O. (2015) Assessment of heavy metals in tannery solid waste from Challawa Industrial Estate, Kano State, Nigeria, International Journal of Research in Environmental Studies. 2, 33-40. [27] Akan J. C., Ogugbuaja V. O., Abdulrahman F. I. and Ayodele J. T. (2009) Pollutant level in effluent samples from tanneries and and textile of Kano industrial Areas, Nigeria. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 15(3): 343-352. [28] Kaul S. N. N., Szpyrkowicz L., Gautam A. and Khanna D. R. (2005) Waste water management with special reference to tanneries. Discovery Publishing house New Delhi. [29] S. Dan'Azumi and M.H. Bichi (2010) Industrial pollution and heavy metals profile of Challawa River in Kano, Nigeria Journal of Applied Sciences in Environmental Sanitation 5 (1), 23-29. [30] Onwuka O. S., Uma K. O. and Ezeigbo H. (2004) Potability of shallow ground water in Enugu town, South-Eastern Nigeria Global Journal of Environmental Science 3: 33-39. [31] Olukanni O. D., Osuntoki, A. A. and Gbenle, G. O (2006) Textile effluent biodegradation potentials of textile effluent-adapted and non-adapted bacteria, African Journal of Biotechnology 5 (20), 1980-1984. [32] Sekhar K. C., Chary N. S., Kamala C. I., Rao J. R., Balaram V. and Anjanejuly Y. (2003) Risk assessment and pathway study of arsenic in industrially contaminated site of Hyderabad: A case study. Environmental International 29: 601-611. [33] Awomeso, J.A., Taiwo, A.M., Gbadebo, A.M. and Adenowo, J.A (2010)Studies on the pollution of waterbody by textile industry effluents in Lagos, Nigeria, Journal of Applied Sciences in Environmental Studies 5(4), 353-359. [34] Kanu, Ijeoma and Achi O. K. (2011) Industrial effluents and their impact on water quality of receiving rivers in Nigeria. Journal of Applied Technology in Environmental sanitation 1 (1): 75-86. [35] Ma A. N. (2000) Environmental Management for the palm oil Industry Palm Oil Dev. 30: 1-9. [36] Belanger S., Lee D., Bowling J. and LeBlanc E. (2004) Responses of periphyton and invertabrates to a tetradecyl-pentadecyl sulfate mixture in stream mesocosms. Environmental Texicology and Chemistry 23 (9): 2202-2213. [37] El-gohary F. A., Abo-Elela S. I. and Ali H. I. (1987) Management of waste water from soap and food industries: A case study. Sci. Total Environ. 66: 203-212. [38] Ekhaise F. O. and Ayansi C. C. (2005) Influence of breweries effluent discharge on the microbiological and physicochemical quality of Ikpoba River, Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology 4: 1062-1065. [39] Ibekwe V. I., Nwaiwu O. I. and Offorbuike J. O. (2004) Bacteriological and Physicochemical qualities of waste water from a bottling company in Owerri Nigeria. Global J. Environ. Sci. 3: 51-54. [40] Pushpendra Kushwaha and Kanjan Upadhyay (2015) Adsorption of pollution load from tannery effluent by using Neem Sawdust as an adsorbent. International Journal of Chemical Studies 3(1), 01-03.