[01] Bouchra Amaoui, Service of Radiotherapy, Regional Center of Oncology, Agadir, Morocco. [02] Mohamed Ouazni, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco. [03] Slimane Semghouli, Departement of Health Techniques, Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Agadir, Morocco.

Today, the treatment of rectal cancer must take into account the tumor stage, prognosis at diagnosis, tumor response and patient characteristics. The treatment must be carcinological with sphincter preservation. This study aims to present the reality and perspectives for the treatment of rectal cancer. New surgical techniques, such as total excision of the transanal mesorectal by video and robot-assisted surgery, have emerged to overcome the challenge of navigating the deep and narrow spaces of the pelvis. Medical imaging, particularly functional MRI, has led to better clacification and assessment of the tumor response to treatments. Patients showing a complete response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy treatment may even avoid surgery as part of a close monitoring strategy. The locoregional toxicity of radiotherapy and remote relapses remain a major problem. The administration of preoperative chemotherapy without radiotherapy in small tumors may be an option with similar results. A new personalized approach to the treatment of rectal cancer is feasible with functional conservation and adaptation of treatment to prognostic factors.

Rectal Cancer, Radio-chemotherapy, Neo-adjuvant, Watch and Wait

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