International Journal of Environmental Planning and Management
Articles Information
International Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Vol.4, No.1, Mar. 2018, Pub. Date: Jul. 23, 2018
Economic Activity Indicators, Environmental Pollution and Infant Mortality Relations: Evidence from Ghana
Pages: 7-15 Views: 1427 Downloads: 472
Authors
[01] Kingsley Appiah, School of Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China; Accountancy Department, Kumasi Technical University, Kumasi, Ghana.
[02] Jianguo Du, School of Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China.
[03] Rhoda Appiah, Administration, Community Special Vocational School, Deduako-Kumasi, Ghana.
Abstract
Negative health effects of environmental pollution on infants, have become an issue of serious concern for health experts and researchers. Recent studies have proposed that ecological pollution, particularly carbon dioxide emissions, is associated with infant mortality and the development of asthma and other respiratory diseases. Empirical findings from other research works supports our hypothesis, that, economic activity indicators have a significant impact on environmental pollution and eventually on infant mortality. Using data from World Development Indicators to find the link between ecological pollutants and infant mortalities in Ghana for the period 1971 to 2012. Hypotheses were pragmatically tested and validated using structural equation modeling (SEM). The study findings provided standardized estimates of the various economic activity indicators to emissions as well as the indirect effect to infant mortality in Ghana. Factor loading of the path analysis clear shows that a change in emission will cause a decline of infant deaths.
Keywords
Economic Activity Indicators, Infant Mortality, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Economic Growth, Environmental Pollution
References
[01] Darçın, M., Association between air quality and quality of life. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2014. 21 (3): p. 1954-1959.
[02] Foy, D., Energy & Air Pollution. 1991, American Gas Association ad: www.kean.edu.
[03] Glinianaia, S. V., et al., Does Particulate Air Pollution Contribute to Infant Death? A Systematic Review. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2004. 112 (14): p. 1365-1370.
[04] Raizenne, M., R. Dales, and R. Burnett, Air pollution exposures and children's health. Can J Public Health, 1998. 89 (1): p. 43-48.
[05] Fotourehchi, Z., Health effects of air pollution: An empirical analysis for developing countries. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 2016. 7 (1): p. 201-206.
[06] Kuebler, J., H. van den Bergh, and A. G. Russell, Long-term trends of primary and secondary pollutant concentrations in Switzerland and their response to emission controls and economic changes. Atmospheric Environment, 2001. 35 (8): p. 1351-1363.
[07] Ritz, B., M. Wilhelm, and Y. Zhao, Air pollution and infant death in southern California, 1989–2000. Pediatrics, 2006. 118 (2): p. 493-502.
[08] Woodruff, T. J., J. D. Parker, and K. C. Schoendorf, Fine particulate matter (PM2. 5) air pollution and selected causes of postneonatal infant mortality in California. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2006. 114 (5): p. 786.
[09] Committee on Environmental Health, Ambient air pollution: health hazards to children. Pediatrics, 2004. 114 (6): p. 1699-1707.
[10] Ha, E.-H., et al., Infant susceptibility of mortality to air pollution in Seoul, South Korea. Pediatrics, 2003. 111 (2): p. 284-290.
[11] Clancy, L., et al., Effect of air-pollution control on death rates in Dublin, Ireland: an intervention study. The lancet, 2002. 360 (9341): p. 1210-1214.
[12] Chay, K. Y. and M. Greenstone, The impact of air pollution on infant mortality: evidence from geographic variation in pollution shocks induced by a recession. The quarterly journal of economics, 2003. 118 (3): p. 1121-1167.
[13] Pope 3rd, C., Respiratory disease associated with community air pollution and a steel mill, Utah Valley. American Journal of Public Health, 1989. 79 (5): p. 623-628.
[14] World Health Organisation, Global Health Observatory (GHO) data. 2016: apps.who.int.
[15] Tong, S. and P. Colditz, Air pollution and sudden infant death syndrome: a literature review. Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology, 2004. 18 (5): p. 327-335.
[16] Luechinger, S., Air pollution and infant mortality: A natural experiment from power plant desulfurization. Journal of health economics, 2014. 37: p. 219-231.
[17] Luechinger, S., Air pollution and infant mortality: a natural experiment from power plant desulfurization. 2010.
[18] Greenstone, M. and R. Hanna, Environmental regulations, air and water pollution, and infant mortality in India. American Economic Review, 2014. 104 (10): p. 3038-72.
[19] Azam, M., et al., The impact of CO 2 emissions on economic growth: evidence from selected higher CO 2 emissions economies. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2016. 23 (7): p. 6376-6389.
[20] Kasman, A. and Y. S. Duman, CO2 emissions, economic growth, energy consumption, trade and urbanization in new EU member and candidate countries: a panel data analysis. Economic Modelling, 2015. 44: p. 97-103.
[21] Saboori, B. and J. Sulaiman, Environmental degradation, economic growth and energy consumption: Evidence of the environmental Kuznets curve in Malaysia. Energy Policy, 2013. 60: p. 892-905.
[22] Aye, G. C. and P. E. Edoja, Effect of economic growth on CO2 emission in developing countries: Evidence from a dynamic panel threshold model. Cogent Economics & Finance, 2017. 5 (1): p. 1379239.
[23] Elliott, R. J., P. Sun, and T. Zhu, The direct and indirect effect of urbanization on energy intensity: A province-level study for China. Energy, 2017. 123: p. 677-692.
[24] Appiah, K., et al., Investigation of the Relationship between Economic Growth and Carbon Dioxide (CO 2) Emissions as Economic Structure Changes: Evidence from Ghana. Resources and Environment, 2017. 7 (6): p. 160-167.
[25] Mensah, J. T., Carbon emissions, energy consumption and output: A threshold analysis on the causal dynamics in emerging African economies. Energy Policy, 2014. 70: p. 172-182.
[26] Ertugrul, H. M., et al., The impact of trade openness on global carbon dioxide emissions: evidence from the top ten emitters among developing countries. Ecological Indicators, 2016. 67: p. 543-555.
[27] Hatzigeorgiou, E., H. Polatidis, and D. Haralambopoulos, CO2 emissions, GDP and energy intensity: a multivariate cointegration and causality analysis for Greece, 1977–2007. Applied Energy, 2011. 88 (4): p. 1377-1385.
[28] Alam, M. J., et al., Energy consumption, carbon emissions and economic growth nexus in Bangladesh: Cointegration and dynamic causality analysis. Energy Policy, 2012. 45: p. 217-225.
[29] Soytas, U., R. Sari, and B. T. Ewing, Energy consumption, income, and carbon emissions in the United States. Ecological Economics, 2007. 62 (3-4): p. 482-489.
[30] Ghosh, S., Examining carbon emissions economic growth nexus for India: a multivariate cointegration approach. Energy Policy, 2010. 38 (6): p. 3008-3014.
[31] Ozturk, I. and A. Acaravci, CO2 emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in Turkey. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2010. 14 (9): p. 3220-3225.
[32] Alam, M. J., et al., Dynamic modeling of causal relationship between energy consumption, CO2 emissions and economic growth in India. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2011. 15 (6): p. 3243-3251.
[33] Lim, K.-M., S.-Y. Lim, and S.-H. Yoo, Oil consumption, CO2 emission, and economic growth: Evidence from the Philippines. Sustainability, 2014. 6 (2): p. 967-979.
[34] Chen, J.-H. and Y.-F. Huang, The study of the relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) emission and economic growth. Journal of International and Global Economic Studies, 2013. 6 (2): p. 45-61.
[35] Funk, C. C. and M. E. Brown, Declining global per capita agricultural production and warming oceans threaten food security. Food Security, 2009. 1 (3): p. 271-289.
[36] Change, I.P.o.C. Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU). 2016 [cited 2018 20th February].
[37] Luo, Y., et al., Decoupling CO2 emissions from economic growth in agricultural sector across 30 Chinese provinces from 1997 to 2014. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017. 159: p. 220-228.
[38] Ben Jebli, M. and S. Ben Youssef, Renewable energy consumption and agriculture: evidence for cointegration and Granger causality for Tunisian economy. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 2017. 24 (2): p. 149-158.
[39] Waheed, R., et al., Forest, agriculture, renewable energy, and CO2 emission. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018. 172: p. 4231-4238.
[40] Dong, G., et al., Carbon footprint accounting and dynamics and the driving forces of agricultural production in Zhejiang Province, China. Ecological economics, 2013. 91: p. 38-47.
[41] Sadorsky, P., Do urbanization and industrialization affect energy intensity in developing countries? Energy Economics, 2013. 37: p. 52-59.
[42] Raheem, I. D. and J. O. Ogebe, CO2 emissions, urbanization and industrialization: Evidence from a direct and indirect heterogeneous panel analysis. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 2017. 28 (6): p. 851-867.
[43] Chang, T. and S. Lin, Grey relation analysis of carbon dioxide emissions from industrial production and energy uses in Taiwan. Journal of Environmental Management, 1999. 56 (4): p. 247-257.
[44] Arceo, E., R. Hanna, and P. Oliva, Does the effect of pollution on infant mortality differ between developing and developed countries? Evidence from Mexico City. The Economic Journal, 2016. 126 (591): p. 257-280.
[45] Kuznets, S., Economic growth and income inequality. The American economic review, 1955: p. 1-28.
[46] Kanjilal, K. and S. Ghosh, Environmental Kuznet’s curve for India: Evidence from tests for cointegration with unknown structuralbreaks. Energy Policy, 2013. 56: p. 509-515.
[47] Barrett, P., Structural equation modelling: Adjudging model fit. Personality and Individual differences, 2007. 42 (5): p. 815-824.
[48] Tabachnick, B. G. and L. S. Fidell, Using multivariate statistics. 2007: Allyn & Bacon/Pearson Education.
[49] Miles, J. and M. Shevlin, A time and a place for incremental fit indices. Personality and individual differences, 2007. 42 (5): p. 869-874.
[50] McDonald, R. P. and M.-H. R. Ho, Principles and practice in reporting structural equation analyses. Psychological methods, 2002. 7 (1): p. 64.
[51] Bentler, P. M., Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological bulletin, 1990. 107 (2): p. 238.
[52] Wu, C., et al., Core dimensions of the construction safety climate for a standardized safety-climate measurement. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 2015. 141 (8): p. 04015018.
[53] Patel, D. and K. Jha, Structural equation modeling for relationship-based determinants of safety performance in construction projects. Journal of Management in Engineering, 2016. 32 (6): p. 05016017.
[54] Bentler, P. M. and D. G. Bonett, Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological bulletin, 1980. 88 (3): p. 588.
[55] Williams, L. J., Decomposing model fit: Measurement vs. theory in organizational research using latent variables. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2011. 96 (1): p. 1.
[56] Tanaka, J. S., " How big is big enough?": Sample size and goodness of fit in structural equation models with latent variables. Child development, 1987: p. 134-146.
[57] Awang, Z., Structural equation modeling using AMOS graphic. 2012: Penerbit Universiti Teknologi MARA.
[58] Hair, J. F., et al., Multivariate data analysis. Vol. 5. 1998: Prentice hall Upper Saddle River, NJ.
[59] Sinha, A., Carbon emissions and mortality rates: a causal analysis for India (1971-2010). International Journal of Economic Practices and Theories, 2014. 4 (4): p. 486-492.
[60] Dales, R., et al., Air pollution and sudden infant death syndrome. Pediatrics, 2004. 113 (6): p. e628-e631.
600 ATLANTIC AVE, BOSTON,
MA 02210, USA
+001-6179630233
AIS is an academia-oriented and non-commercial institute aiming at providing users with a way to quickly and easily get the academic and scientific information.
Copyright © 2014 - American Institute of Science except certain content provided by third parties.