[01] Marijana Dragas, Departments of Karst Agriculture, Food Technology, Commercial Business with Entrepreneurship, Marko Marulic Polytechnics of Knin, Knin, the Republic of Croatia.

Sharing the interest in the influence of political discourse on collective memory and cognition, we wanted to investigate the ways of building and promoting ideologies using the ideographs and conceptual metaphors in political discourse. For this purpose, we have used a speech of the ancient Queen Boudicca, also known as Boadicea, and in Welsh as Buddug (d. AD 60 or 61), who ruled the Celtic tribe of the Iceni and stood up against the Roman occupation.The analysis was conducted by applying the Circular Radiation Method of political speech analysis, which is actually a modification of the Wave Method of political speech analysis, developed by Matthias Krug in 2010. (Krug, 2010: 11). The analytical steps include: a). Intensive reading of the speech transcripts to identify the main topics; b). Putting the speech into the historical and political context and finding the ideological relevance of the speaker’s words; c). Identifying the ideographs and conceptual metaphors used by the speaker, analysing their ideological relevance and trying to suggest the possible ways of affecting the audience's consciousness and political identity; d). Providing a comparison and contrast of the results acquired from the analysis. The empirical findings from this paper provide a new understanding of the conceptual metaphor as one of the most important rhetorical figures in political discourse, serving for successful political persuasion and promotion of ideology. Although it is based on a small sample of speeches, the results of the research suggest that the extralinguistic context affects the choice of the conceptual metaphors.

Boudicca, Conceptual Metaphor, Ideograph, Ideology, Political Discourse, Collective Memory, Cognition

[01] Adler, E. (2008), Boudica's Speeches in Tacitus and Dio, Classical World ,Volume 101, Number 2, Winter 2008 , pp. 173-195. [02] Aponte Moreno, M. (2009). Metaphors in Hugo Chávez's Political Discourse: Conceptualizing Nation, Revolution, and Opposition, VDM Verlag. ISBN 3-639-11525-2 / ISBN 978-3-639-11525-3. [03] Blommaert, J. (2005), Discourse, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [04] Borčić, N. (2010.), Konceptualne metafore u političkim intervjuima, Medijske studije, 1, (1-2),136-156, hrcak.srce.hr/file/113919‎. [05] Charteris-Black, J. ( 2004), Corpus Approaches to Critical Metaphor Analysis , Palgrave Macmillan. [06] Charteris-Black J. (2011), Politicians and Rhetoric: The Persuasive Power of Metaphor, Palgrave MacMillan. [07] Deignan, A. (2005), Metaphor and Corpus Linguistics, John Benjamins, p.13. [08] Fairclough, N. (1992), Discourse and Social Change, Polity Press, p.194Fernandez, J. W., Persuasions and Performances: The Play of Tropes in Culture, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 1986. [09] Harris, B. (2008) Intolerance: divided societies on trial p.182. Wildy, Simmonds & Hill Publishing.( http://grammar.about.com/od/c/g/conceptmetaphorterm.htm). [10] Kövecses, Z. (2002), Metaphor: A Practical Introduction. Oxford Univ. Press. [11] Krug, M. (2010), War of words? A contrastive linguistic study of the political speeches of Adolf Hitler, Martin Luther King Jr., George W. Bush Jr. and Barack Obama, employing the ‘Wave Method of political speech analysis’,Universidad Complutense de Madrid Master Thesis. (http://eprints.ucm.es/12892/1/Krug_Matthias.pdf). [12] Lakoff, G., Johnson, M. (1980), Metaphors we live by, Chichago University Press. [13] Lakoff, G. and Turner, M. (1989), More Than Cool Reason, Univ. of Chicago Press. [14] Lakoff, G. (1991), Metaphor and War: The Metaphor System Used to Justify War in the Gulf (Part 1 of 2), Viet Nam Generation: A Journal of Recent History and Contemporary Issues Volume 3, Number 3. [15] Lakoff, G. (2002), Moral Politics: How Liberals and Conservatives think, 2nd edition, University of Chichago Press. [16] Lakoff, G. (2008), The Political Mind, Penguin Group, USA. [17] Lanham, R. (1991), A Handlist of Rhetorical Terms, Los Angeles: University of California Press, p. 131. ISBN 978-0-520-27368-9 Lesz, B. (2011): To Shape The World For The Better: An Analysis Of Metaphors In The Speeches Of Barack Obama, Master Thesis, INSTITUTT FOR SPRÅKVITENSKAP: FAKULTET FOR HUMANIORA, SAMFUNNSVITENSKAP OG LÆRERUTDANNING UNIVERSITETET I TROMSØ, VÅREN. [18] McGee, M. C. (1980), The Ideograph:a Link between Rhetoric and Ideology, The Quarterly Journal of Speech, 66(1980)1-16 http://comphacker.org/comp/engl335fosen/files/2012/08/9993504.pdf. [19] Pennycook, A. (2001), Critical Applied Linguistics, Mahwah (NJ) & London: LEA. [20] Rapp, C. (2010), Aristotle's Rhetoric, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2010 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = . [21] Segarra Navera G. (2011), War on terror” is a curative; recontextualization and political myth-making in Gloria Macapagal-Aroyo’s 2002-2004 State of the Nation Adress, Critical Inquiry in Language Studies, 8: 4, 313-343 (http.//dx.doi.org/10.1080/15427587.2011.615610). [22] Sivrić, M. (2014). Primjeri kritičke analize medijskoga diskurza, Filozofski fakultet Mostar, Mostar. [23] Stanojević, M.-M. (2009.), Konceptualna metafora u kognitivnoj lingvistici: pregled pojmova. Suvremena lingvistika 68: 339-369. [24] Van Dijk, T. (1995a), What is political discourse analysis?. Key-note address Congress Political Linguistics. Antwerp, 7-9 December. In Jan Blommaert & Chris Bulcaen (Eds.), Political linguistics.(pp. 11-52). Amsterdam: Benjamins, 1997. [25] Van Dijk, T. A. (1995b), Discourse Semantics and Ideology, Discourse and Society, Sage Publications, 6:248 (http://das.sagepub.com). [26] Van Dijk, T. A. (2002), Political Discourse and Ideology, In Clara Ubaldina Lorda & Montserrat Ribas (Eds.), Anàlisi del discurs politic, pp. 15-34. Barcelona: Universitat Pompeu Fabra. IULA. [27] Verschueren, J. (2012). Ideology in Language Use, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. [28] Wodak, R. (2001), What CDA is about - A summary of its history, important concepts and its development.” Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis. Ed. Wodak, Ruth & Meyer M. London: SAGE, pp. 1-13. [29] http://www.margaretthatcher.org/speeches. [30] Address to the United Nations General Assembly by President George W. Bush, http://www.state.gov/p/io/potusunga/207556.htm. [31] http://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/principles-of-general-chemistry-v1.0/s10-01-waves-and-electromagnetic-radi.html. [32] http://oxforddictionaries.com/. [33] http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/gwbush911addresstothenation.htm). [34] http://www.presidentialrhetoric.com/historicspeeches/reagan/nationalsecurity.htmlMetaphor - The Twentieth Century - Press, University, Translated, and York - JRank Articles http://science.jrank.org/pages/10193/Metaphor-Twentieth-Century.html#ixzz305yNACtt. [35] www.plato.stanford.edu/entities/aristotle_rhetoric/.