[01] Yang Jianshe, Life Science School, Longyan University, Longyan, China. [02] Zhao Hua, Agricultural School, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China.

To investigate the radiation response of hepatoma, SMMC-7721 cells were irradiated with ⁶⁰Co γ-rays. Initial chromatid breaks were measured by counting the number of chromatid breaks and isochromatid breaks. A dose-dependent increase in radiation-induced chromatid/isochromatid breaks was observed in G₁ and G₂ phase respectively. A good relationship was found between cell survival and chromatin breaks. This study implied that low LET radiation-induced chromatid/isochromatid breaks can be possibly used as a good predictor of radio sensitivity of SMMC-7721 hepatoma cells.

Predictive Assay, Radiotherapy, Hepatoma, Prematurely Chromosome Condensation Technique

[01] Girinsky, T, Bernheim, A., Lubin, R., Tavakolirazavi, T., Baker, F., Janot, F., Wibault, P., Cosset, J.M., Duvillard, P., Duverger, A. and Fertil, B. In vitro parameters and treatment outcome in head and neck cancers treated with surgery and / or radiation: cell characterization and correlation with local control and overall survival. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 30 (1994) 789-794. [02] West, C.M., Davidson, S.E., Burt, P.A., Hunter, R.D. The intrinsic radiosensitivity of cervical carcinoma: correlations with clinical data. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 31 (1995) 841-846. [03] West, C.M., Davidson, S.E., Roberts, S.A., Hunter, R.D. The independence of intrinsic radiosensitivity as a response factor for prognostic patient to radiotherapy of carcinoma of cervix. Br. J. Cancer 76 (1997) 1184-1190. [04] Coco Martin, J.M., Mooren, E., Ottenheim, C., Burrill, W., Nunez, M.I., Sprong, D., Bartelink, H. and Begg, A.C. Potential of radiation-induced chromosome aberrations to predict radiosensitivity in human tumor cells. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 75 (1999) 1161-1168. [05] Kawata, T., Ito, H., George, K., Wu, H., Uno, T., Isobe, K. and Cucinotta, F.A. Radiation-induced chromosome aberrations in Ataxia Telangiectasia cells: high frequency of deletions and misrejoining detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Radiat. Res. 159 (2003) 597-603. [06] Buch, K., Peters, T., Nawroth, T., Sänger, M., Schmidberger, H., Langguth, P. Determination of cell survival after irradiation via clonogenic assay versus multiple MTT Assay-a comparative study. Radiat. Oncol. 7 (2012) 1. [07] Gotoh, E., Asakawa, Y. and Kosaka, H. Inhibition of protein serine/threonine phosphatases directly induces premature chromosome condensation in mammalian somatic cells. Biomed. Res. 16 (1995) 63-68. [08] Durante, M., Frusawa, Y., George, K., Gialanella, G., Greco, O., Grossi, G., Matsufuji, N., Pugliese, M., Yang, T.C. Rejoining and misrejoining of radiation-induced chromatin breaks. IV. Charged particle. Radiat. Res. 149 (1998a) 446-454. [09] Kawata, T., Gotoh, E., Durante, M., Wu, H., George, K., Furusawa, Y. and Cucinotta, F.A. High-LET radiation-induced aberrations in prematurely condensed G₂ chromosome of human fibroblasts. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 76 (2000) 929-938. [10] Kawata, T., Durante, M., Frusawa, Y., George, K., Takai, N., Wu, H. and Cucinotta, F.A. Dose-response of initial G2-chromatid breaks induced in normal human fibroblasts by heavy ions. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 77 (2001) 165-174. [11] Torsten, G., Hang, C., Gerald, F., James, C., Sylvain, V.C., Mary, H., Bahram, P., Bjorn, R. Persistence of γ-H2AX and 53BP1 foci in proliferating and non-proliferating human mammary epithelial cells after exposure to γ-rays or iron ions. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 87 (2011) 696-710. [12] Pantelias, G.E., Maillie, H.D. Direct analysis of radiation-induced chromosome fragments and rings in unstimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes by means of the premature chromosome condensation technique. Mutat. Res. 149 (1985) 67-72. [13] Cornforth, M.N. and Goodwin, E.H. The dose-dependent fragmentation of chromatin in human fibroblast by 3.5-MeV α particles from 238Pu: Experimental and theoretical consideration pertaining to single-track effects. Radiat. Res. 127 (1991) 61-71. [14] Suzuki, M., Watanabe, M., Suzuki, K., Nakano, K. and Matsni, K. Heavy-ion induced chromosome breakage studied by premature chromosome condensation (PCC) in Syrian hamster embryo cells. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 62 (1992) 581-586. [15] Suzuki, M., Watanabe, M., Kanai, T., Kase, Y., Yatagai, F., Kato, T. and Matsubara, S. LET dependence of cell death, mutation induction and chromatin damage in human cells irradiated with accelerated carbon ions. Adv. Space Res. 18 (1996) 127-136. [16] Suzuki, M., Kase, Y., Kanai, T., Yatagai, F. and Watanabe, M. LET dependence of cell death and chromatin-break induction in normal human cells irradiated by neon-ion beams. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 72 (1997) 497-503. [17] Peter, E.B., Hossein, M. A comparison of G₂ phase radiation-induced chromatid break kinetics using calyculin-PCC with those obtained using colcemid block. Mutagenesis 22 (2007) 359-362. [18] Peter, E.B., Hossein, M., Christie, M. G2-phase chromatid break kinetics in irradiated DNA repair mutant hamster cell lines using calyculin-induced PCC and colcemid-block. Mutat. Res. 657 (2008) 8-12. [19] Johnson, R.T., Rao, P.N. Mammalian cell fusion: induction of premature chromosome condensation in interphase nuclei. Nature 226 (1970) 717-722. [20] Hittelman, W.N., Rao, P.N. Premature chromosome condensation. I. Visualization of x-ray-induced chromosome damage in interphase cells. Mutat. Res. 23 (1974) 251-258. [21] Cornforth, M.N., Bedford, J.S. X-ray-induced breakage and rejoining of human interphase chromosomes. Science 222 (1983) 1141-1143. [22] Wang, Q., Zhou, G., Jing, X.G., Li, W.J., Yang, J.S. Avoid online radiation risk: Theoretical simulation of chromosome breaks in cells exposed to heavy ions. Adv. Space Res. 47 (2011) 2039-2043. [23] Savage, J.R.K. Classification and relationships of induced chromosomal structural changes. J. Med. Genetics 13 (1975) 103-122. [24] Bergs, J.W., Ten, C.R., Rodermond, H.M., Jaarsma, P.A., Medema, J.P., Darroudi, F., Buist, M.R., Stalpers, L.J., Haveman, J., Van Bree, C., Franken, N.A. Premature chromosome condensation by hyperthermia. Int. J. Hyperthermia 25 (2009) 220-228. [25] Gotoh, E., Kawata, T. and Durante, M. Chromatid breaks rejoining and exchange aberration formation following γ-ray exposure: analysis in G₂ human fibroblasts by chemical-induced premature chromosome condensation. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 75 (1999) 1129-1135. [26] Waldern, C.A., Johnson, R.T. Analysis of interphase chromosome damage by means of premature chromosome condensation after X- and ultraviolet-irradiation. P.N.A.S. 71 (1974) 1137-1141. [27] Pantelias, G.E., Maillie, H.D. The use of peripheral blood mononuclear cell prematurely condensed chromosomes for biological dosimetry. Radiat. Res. 99 (1984) 140-150. [28] Goodwin, E.H., Blakely, S.M., Chen, D.J. and Cornforth, M.N. The effect of track structure on cell inactivation and chromosome damage at a constant LET of 120keV/μm. Adv. Space Res. 18 (1996) 93-98. [29] Francesca, B., Andrea, O. A model of chromosome aberration induction: applications to space research. Radiat. Res. 164 (2005) 567–570. [30] Pandita, T.K., Hittleman, W.N. The contributions of DNA and chromosome repair deficiencies to the radiosensitivity to Ataxia-Telangiectasia. Radiat. Res. 131 (1992) 214-223. [31] Sasai, K., Evans, J.W., Kovacs, M.S., Brown, J.M. Prediction of human cell radiosensitivity: Comparison of colon genetic assay with chromosome aberrations scored using premature chromosome condensation with fluorescence in situ hybridization. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 30 (1994) 1127-1132. [32] Durante, M., Gialanella, G., Grossi, G.F., Nappo, M., Pugliese, M., Bettega, D., Calzolari, P., Chiorda, G.N., Ottolenghi, A. and Tallone-Lombardi, L. Radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations in mouse 10T1/2 cells: dependence on the cell-cycke stage at the time of irradiation. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 65 (1994) 437-447. [33] Yang, J.S., Li, W. J., Zhou, G. M., Jin, X.D., Jing, X.G., Wang, J.F., Wang, Z.Z., Guo, C.L., Gao, Q.X. Comparative study on radiosensitivity of various tumor cells and human normal liver cells. World J. Gastroenterol. 26 (2005) 4098-4101.