[01] Muhammad Sarwar, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture & Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.

This publication describes the major mite pests of mango (Mangifera indica L.), gives their identifying characteristics, control methods and Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies. Mango is a leading fruit and without hesitation it is among the greatest essential fruits developed in our world. It is indeed a fruit with an enormous monetary prospective that can be vastly profitable to the growers. Mango is attacked by various types of maladies causing serious problems, among which are the arthropods including mite pests which bear 4 pairs of legs contrary to insects having 3 pairs of legs. The most important mite pests attacking on mango are Mango Bud mite Eriophyes mangiferae (Sayed), Red mite Aceria mangiferae Sayed, Spider mite Oligonychus mangiferus (Rhaman and Sapra), Broad mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) and Erinose mite Aceria litchii (Keiffer). These species of mites primarily infest to the surface of leaves and remove leaf juices causing a stippling or etching of the host. The attacked leaves frequently become reddish or bronze in color, may drop and yield can be greatly reduced. The feedings of these mites lead to physiological problems within cell sap for ensuing the irregular development, and additionally the origin of damage also provides entry site for the fungus resulting nutritional dis-balance in the various plant parts. In this context, the orchards may be checked quite repeatedly for any malady from time to time and good orchard management practices occupy paramount importance and play a vital role in checking of pests. Pruning of the affected twigs and application of acaricides may reduce the extent of the damage. Certain, resistant varieties can sustain only very small mite colonies, whereas the use of integrated mite management strategies including their relative advantages and limitations may eliminate the extent of the damage.

Acarine, Mite, Pest, Pathogens, Disease, Mango, Fruit, Control, Orchard

[01] Abou-Awad, B.A. 1981. Ecological and biological studies on the mango bud mite, Eriophyes mangiferae (Sayed), with descriptions of immature stages (Eriophyoidea: Eriophyidae). Acarologia, 22: 145-150. [02] Aghajanzadeh, S. and Mallik, B. 2007. Sampling and Distribution Pattern of Citrus Rust Mite, Phyllocoptruta oleivora Ashmead (Acari, Eriophyidae) Using Adhesive Tape Method. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 9 (2): 329-332. [03] Al-Azzazy, M.M.A. 2005. Integrated management of mites infesting mango trees. Faculty of Agriculture - Males (Assueit). Egypt. p. 322. [04] Ashraf, A.M., Ahmed, M.T. and Hanafy, A.R.I. 2011. Biology and control of the broad mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks, 1904) (Acari: Tarsonemidae). International Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering, 1: 26-34. [05] Ben-David, T., Ueckermann, E. and Gerson, U. 2013. An annotated list of the spider mites (Acari: Prostigmata: Tetranychidae) of Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology, 43: 125-148. [06] Gamliel, A.E., Freeman, S., Sztejnberg, A., Maymon, M., Ochoa, R., Belausov, E. and Palevsky, E. 2009. Interaction of the mite Aceria mangiferae with Fusarium mangiferae, the causal agent of mango malformation disease. Phytopathology, 99: 152-159. [07] Hatcher, P.E. and Paul, N.D. 2001. Plant pathogen- herbivore interactions and their effects on weeds. Pages 193-218. In: Biotic Interactions in Plant-Pathogen Associations. M. J. Jeger and N. J. Spence, eds. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. [08] Jesus, R.L. and Mark, S.H. 2012. Sampling Guidelines for Persea Mite in California Avocado Orchards. California Avocado Society Yearbook, 95: 151-173. [09] Lo, K.C. 1999. Importance of Acarines to Agriculture. Chinese J. Entomol., Special Publ. 129-23. [10] Marjorie, A.H. 2011. Agricultural Acarology: Introduction to Integrated Mite Management. CRC Press. 430 p. [11] Pena, J.E. and Bullock, R.C. 1994. Effects of feeding of broad mite (Acari: Tarsonemidae) on vegetative plant growth. Florida Entomologist, 77 (1): 180-184. [12] Sarwar M., Hamed, M., Yousaf, M. and Hussain, M. 2014. Surveillance on Population Dynamics and Fruits Infestation of Tephritid Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Orchards of Faisalabad, Pakistan. International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences, 2 (4): 113-119. [13] Sarwar, M. 2004. Concept of integrated insect pests management. Pakistan & Gulf Economists, XXIII (46 & 47): 39-41. [14] Sarwar, M. 2012. Frequency of Insect and mite Fauna in Chilies Capsicum annum L., Onion Allium cepa L. and Garlic Allium sativum L. Cultivated Areas, and their Integrated Management. International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production, 3 (5): 173-178. [15] Sarwar, M. 2013. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) - A Constructive Utensil to Manage Plant Fatalities. Research and Reviews: Journal of Agriculture and Allied Sciences, 2 (3): 1-4. [16] Sarwar, M. 2014 a. Knowing About Identify and Mode of Damage by Insect Pests Attacking Winter Vegetables and Their Management. Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2 (4): 1-8. [17] Sarwar, M. 2014 b. Some Insect Pests (Arthropoda: Insecta) of Summer Vegetables, Their Identification, Occurrence, Damage and Adoption of Management Practices. International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research, 1 (4): 108-117. [18] Sarwar, M., Ashfaq, M., Ahmad, A. and Randhawa, M.A.M. 2013 a. Assessing the Potential of Assorted Plant Powders on Survival of Caloglyphus Grain Mite (Acari: Acaridae) in Wheat Grain. International Journal of Agricultural Science and Bioresource Engineering Research, 2 (1) 1-6. [19] Sarwar, M., Hamed, M., Rasool, B., Yousaf, M. and Hussain, M. 2013 b. Host Preference and Performance of Fruit Flies Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) and Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae) For Various Fruits and Vegetables. International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences, 1 (8): 188-194. [20] Sarwar, M., Ahmad, N., Rashid, A. and Shah, S.M.M. 2015. Valuation of gamma irradiation for proficient production of parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae & Eucoilidae) in the management of the peach fruit-fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders). International Journal of Pest Management, DOI: 10.1080/09670874.2015.1018854. p. 1-9 [21] Shah, S.M.M., Ahmad, N., Sarwar, M. and Tofique, M. 2014. Rearing of Bactrocera zonata (Diptera: Tephritidae) for parasitoids production and managing techniques for fruit flies in mango orchards. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 34 (S1): 108-113. [22] Waite, G.K. and McAlpine, J.D. 1992. Honey bees as carriers of lychee erinose mite Eriophyes litchii (Acari: Eriophyiidae). Experimental and Applied Acarology, 15: 299-302. [23] Westphal, E. and Manson, D.C.M. 1996. Feeding effects on host plants: Gall formation and other distortions. Pages 231-242. In: Eriophyoid Mites- Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. E. E. Lindquist, M. W. Sabelis, and J. Bruin, eds. Elsevier Science B. V., Amsterdam. [24] Zhang, Z.Q. and Lairong, L. 2000. An Illustrated Guide to Mites of Agricultural Importance. Tongji University Press, Shanghai. p. 228. [25] Zhang, Z.W., Yuan, P.Y., Wang, B.Q. and Qui, Y.P. 1997. Litchi Pictorial Narration of Cultivation. Pomology Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, China. p. 108-139.